An Apostille is simply a form of certification issued in one country that is recognised in any other country. The Apostille is attached to your original document to verify it is legitimate and authentic so that it will be accepted in one of the other countries who are members of the Hague Apostille Convention.
The term Legalisation is typically synonymous with the term authentication. This means that an official document may require certain stamps or certification by a sworn translator in order for the document to be authenticated for overseas use.